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新一代人工智能引领下的智能产品与装备

谭建荣,刘振宇,徐敬华

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第4期页码 35-43 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.04.007

摘要：

智能产品与装备是智能制造和服务的价值载体、技术前提和物质基础。智能产品与装备的内涵体现在两个辩证的方面：一是智能技术的产品化，主要体现在物联网、大数据、云计算、边缘计算、机器学习、深度学习、安全监控、自动化控制、计算机技术、精密传感技术、GPS定位技术等的综合应用；二是传统产品的智能化，借势新一代人工智能，赋予传统产品以更高智慧，在智能制造装备、智能生产、智能管理等方面注入强劲生命力和发展动能。在广泛科学调研和已有研究基础上，结合《中国制造2025》的十大重点领域及《人工智能三年行动计划》等宏观政策，拟定了智能产品与装备的十二大装备领域。研究表明，新一代智能产品与装备以知识工程为核心，以自感应、自适应、自学习和自决策为显著特征。未来将重点发展该领域的十大关键技术。

关键词：智能产品与装备知识工程智能状态感应智能变异适应智能知识学习智能控制决策

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WEIS wheel speed real-time measuring method for VOSM

Mengyao PAN, Guixiong LIU, Xiaobin HONG, Tusheng LIN,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第3期页码 322-327 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0022-0

摘要： Wheel speed is one of the key parameters of vehicle operating attitude. To solve the problems in traditional wheel speed measuring methods, such as low measurement precision and the lack of real-time monitoring of the vehicle’s operating attitude, a wheel embedded intelligent sensors (WEIS) wheel speed measuring method for vehicle operating safety states monitoring (VOSM) is innovatively proposed. Radial acceleration signal is obtained through a WEIS module embedded in the hub. Using wavelet packet to implement wavelet de-noising for the non-stationary acceleration signals, and adopting short-time Fourier transform (STFT) algorithm to extract the signal characteristics, the wheel speed measurement can be achieved. The experimental result shows that under experimental conditions the speed measurement error is −2.05%, and the speed measuring response time is 0.45 s.

关键词： wheel embedded intelligent sensing wheel speed monitoring

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Novel sensing techniques for full-scale testing of civil structures

Kaoshan DAI, Zhenhua HUANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第3期页码 240-256 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0172-8

摘要： Performing full-scale structural testing is an important methodology for researchers and engineers in the civil engineering industry. Full scale testing helps the researchers understand civil infrastructures’ loading scenarios, behaviors, and health conditions. It helps the engineers verify, polish, and simplify the structural design and analysis theories. To conduct a full-scale structural testing, sensors are used for data acquisitions. To help structural researchers and engineers get familiar with sensing technologies and select the most effective sensors, this study reviewed and categorized new sensing techniques for full-scale structural testing applications. The researchers of this study categorized sensors used for civil-infrastructure testing into traditional contact sensors and remote sensors based upon their application methodologies, and into cabled sensors and wireless sensors based upon their data communication strategies. The detailed descriptions of wireless sensors and remote sensing techniques and their on-site full-scale applications are presented.

关键词： sensing technique full-scale testing wireless sensor remote sensing LiDAR laser vibrometer

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An Ultracompact Spoof Surface Plasmon Sensing System for Adaptive and Accurate Detection of Gas Using

Xuanru Zhang,Jia Wen Zhu,Tie Jun Cui,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.05.013

摘要： Resonantly enhanced dielectric sensing has superior sensitivity and accuracy because the signal is measured from relative resonance shifts that are immune to signal fluctuations. For applications in the Internet of Things (IoT), accurate detection of resonance frequency shifts using a compact circuit is in high demand. We proposed an ultracompact integrated sensing system that merges a spoof surface plasmon resonance sensor with signal detection, processing, and wireless communication. A software-defined scheme was developed to track the resonance shift, which minimized the hardware circuit and made the detection adaptive to the target resonance. A microwave spoof surface plasmon resonator was designed to enhance sensitivity and resonance intensity. The integrated sensing system was constructed on a printed circuit board with dimensions of 1.8 cm × 1.2 cm and connected to a smartphone wirelessly through Bluetooth, working in both frequency scanning mode and resonance tracking mode and achieving a signal-to-noise ratio of 69 dB in acetone vapor sensing. This study provides an ultracompact, accurate, adaptive, sensitive, and wireless solution for resonant sensors in the IoT.

关键词： Spoof surface plasmons Internet of Things Integrated sensing Resonance tracking Microwave sensing

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Quorum sensing regulation methods and their effects on biofilm in biological waste treatment systems:

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第7期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1495-2

摘要：

• Quorum sensing enhancement and inhibition methods are summarized.

关键词： Quorum sensing Biological waste treatment Biofilm formation

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Plasma-enabled sensing of urea and related amides on polyaniline

Harinarayanan Puliyalil,Petr Slobodian,Michal Sedlacik,Ruhan Benlikaya,Pavel Riha,Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov,Uroš Cvelbar

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第2期页码 265-272 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1570-6

摘要： The atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) was used to enhance the sensitivity of industrially important polyaniline (PANI) for detection of organic vapors from amides. The gas sensing mechanism of PANI is operating on the basis of reversible protonation or deprotonation, whereas the driving force to improve the sensitivity after plasma modifications is unknown. Herein we manage to solve this problem and investigate the sensing mechanism of atmospheric plasma treated PANI for vapor detection of amides using urea as a model. The results from various analytical techniques indicate that the plausible mechanism responsible for the improved sensitivity after plasma treatment is operating through a cyclic transition state formed between the functional groups introduced by plasma treatment and urea. This transition state improved the sensitivity of PANI towards 15 ppm of urea by a factor of 2.4 times compared to the non-treated PANI. This plasma treated PANI is promising for the improvement of the sensitivity and selectivity towards other toxic and carcinogenic amide analytes for gas sensing applications such as improving material processing and controlling food quality.

关键词： gas sensing urea PANI amides plasma

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我国遥感数据的集成与共享研究

周成虎,欧阳,李增元

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第6期页码 51-55

摘要：

随着在轨运行服务卫星数量地不断增加和数据获取能力地不断增强，可利用的遥感数据成倍数增加，遥感数据集成与共享成为时代的潮流。在分析国际发展现状的基础上，进一步总结出国际发展的全球化、系统化、规范化、网络化等特征；在分析评价我国现有遥感数据资源和集成共享现状的基础上，进一步提出了我国开展遥感数据集成与共享的几点建议和设想。

关键词：遥感数据集成共享

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海洋光学遥感技术的发展和前沿

潘德炉,李炎

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第3期页码 39-43

摘要：

空间遥感与信息技术已经发展成为满足人类对海洋资源和环境不同尺度和不同层次连续、动态的信息需求的必要手段。海洋光学遥感在实施大范围海面瞬间信息监测、数年至几十年长序列全球海洋数据采集等方面，发挥了常规调查方法所不能替代的优势。从20世纪70年代开始，国际上发展了利用测量离水辐射率的原理，用现代的卫星遥感技术来实时监测海洋水色环境。80年代以来，我国对该项高技术也十分重视，并有了长足进展。文章回顾我国近20年来海洋光学遥感技术的发展；讨论了当前国家在海洋权益、防灾减灾、海洋资源管理和开发等方面的进一步需求；论述了该技术在环境监测应用导向下的前沿，如：高精度分析和定量化、高频率长序列监测和业务化趋向、多平台监测数据同化和核心技术合成。

关键词：海洋光学遥感技术发展前沿

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6G中联邦学习的应用、挑战和机遇 Review

杨照辉,陈明哲,黃繼傑,H. Vincent Poor,崔曙光

《工程（英文）》 2022年第8卷第1期页码 33-41 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.12.002

摘要：

标准的机器学习方法需要在数据中心集中训练数据，从而采用集中式机器学习算法来进行数据分析和推理。然而，由于无线网络中的隐私限制以及无线通信资源受限，边缘设备将数据传输到参数服务器通常是不可取和不切实际的。联邦学习可解决这些问题。联邦学习可以使设备能够在没有数据共享和传输的情况下训练机器学习模型。本文全面概述了未来第六代（6G）无线网络的联邦学习应用。特别是，首先描述了将联邦学习应用于无线通信中的基本要求。然后详细介绍了无线通信中潜在的联邦学习新型应用，讨论了与新型应用相关的主要问题和挑战。最后，描述了用于无线通信的联邦学习的详细实现方案，并给出了联邦学习的难点和应用前景。

关键词：联邦学习 6G 智能反射面语义通信通信感知计算一体化

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Soft curvature sensors for measuring the rotational angles of mechanical fingers

Haixiao LIU, Li LI, Zhikang OUYANG, Wei SUN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第15卷第4期页码 610-621 doi: 10.1007/s11465-020-0596-0

摘要： The design, fabrication, and testing of soft sensors that measure elastomer curvature and mechanical finger bending are described in this study. The base of the soft sensors is polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which is a translucent elastomer. The main body of the soft sensors consists of three layers of silicone rubber plate, and the sensing element is a microchannel filled with gallium-indium-tin (Ga-In-Sn) alloy, which is embedded in the elastomer. First, the working principle of soft sensors is investigated, and their structure is designed. Second, the relationship between curvature and resistance is determined. Third, several sensors with different specifications are built in accordance with the structural design. Experiments show that the sensors exhibit high accuracy when the curvature changes within a certain range. Lastly, the soft sensors are applied to the measurement of mechanical finger bending. Experiments show that soft curvature sensors can effectively reflect mechanical finger bending and can be used to measure the bending of mechanical fingers with high sensitivity within a certain working range.

关键词： soft sensor Ga-In-Sn alloy strain sensing curvature sensing mechanical finger bending

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面向21世纪的中国林业遥感

赵宪文

《中国工程科学》 1999年第1卷第3期页码 16-21

摘要：

重点概述了近20年来林业遥感专家们为改进森林资源调查方法所作的诸多努力，如用卫星数据估计森林蓄积量、小块林地面积、以及森林郁闭度方法的研究、森林动态图的编制等。特别是上述方法在经过森林调查实际应用并进行效益分析后，提出的改进现行调查体系的建议。此外还提及了遥感用于评估、监测森林生态环境和森林灾害等方面取得的进展。对21世纪中国林业遥感前景进行了展望。作者认为下一个世纪中国林业遥感发展的主要方向是：包容各种新技术，形成新的技术体系，并与国际接轨；利用遥感的优势，研究森林的宏观状况与作用；与森林经营进一步结合。

关键词：林业遥感持续发展 21世纪

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Laser vision sensing based on adaptive welding for aluminum alloy

CHEN Zhixiang, SONG Yonglun, ZHANG Jun, ZHANG Wanchun, JIANG Li, XIA Xuxin

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第2卷第2期页码 218-223 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0038-2

摘要： A laser vision sensing based on the adaptive tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding system for large-scale aluminum alloy components was established to fit various weld groove conditions. A new type of laser vision sensor was used to precisely measure the weld groove. The joint geometry data, such as the bevel angle, the gap, the area, and the mismatch, etc., aided in assembling large-scale aerospace components before welding. They were also applied for automatic seam tracking, such as automatic torch transverse alignment and torch height adjustment in welding. An adaptive welding process was realized by automatically adjusting the wire feeding speed and the welding current according to the groove conditions. The process results in a good weld formation and high welding quality, which meet the requirements of related standards.

关键词： adjustment adaptive tungsten transverse alignment large-scale aluminum geometry

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ROLE OF NITROGEN SENSING AND ITS INTEGRATIVE SIGNALING PATHWAYS IN SHAPING ROOT SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第3期页码 316-332 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022441

摘要：

● The Green Revolution broadened the trade-off between yield and nitrogen-use efficiency.

关键词： Nitrogen root system architecture phytohormone crosstalk nitrogen-use efficiency breeding strategy

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Signal separation technology for diphase opposition giant magnetostrictive self-sensing actuator

Xinhua WANG, Shuwen SUN, Jian ZHEN, Qianyi YA, Deguo WANG,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第2期页码 176-183 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0001-5

摘要： The structure and principle of a new type of a diphase opposition giant magnetostrictive self-sensing actuator is introduced. A bridge analysis model based on variable inductance is established. Dynamic balance separation technology for the giant magnetostrictive self-sensing actuator comes true by the least means square (LMS) self-adapting algorithm. The scheme design of one important part of the circuit with the real-time separation circuit of the dynamic balance signal based on a digital signal processor is obtained. The part of the signal separated circuit is designed, which includes logarithmic-antilog practical multiplication circuit, amplifying circuit, filter circuits, and amplifier circuit. Based on the embedded system simulation software—PROTUES, the simulation effect of the circuit that separates the sensing signal from the mixed signals is obvious, which indicates that the circuit can rapidly and stably work. Moreover, the structure is simple, reliable, and meets the practical requirement.

关键词： giant magnetostrictive material (GMM) self-sensing actuator least means square (LMS) self-adapting algorithm design of self-adaptive circuit

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Multifunctional, Wearable, and Wireless Sensing System via Thermoelectric Fabrics

Xinyang He,Jiaxin Cai,Mingyuan Liu,Xuepeng Ni,Wendi Liu,Hanyu Guo,Jianyong Yu,Liming Wang,Xiaohong Qin,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.05.026

摘要： Flexible thermoelectric materials play an important role in smart wearables, such as wearable power generation, self-powered sensing, and personal thermal management. However, with the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI), higher standards for comfort, multifunctionality, and sustainable operation of wearable electronics have been proposed, and it remains challenging to meet all the requirements of currently reported thermoelectric devices. Herein, we present a multifunctional, wearable, and wireless sensing system based on a thermoelectric knitted fabric with over 600 mm·s−1 air permeability and a stretchability of 120%. The device coupled with a wireless transmission system realizes self-powered monitoring of human respiration through an mobile phone application (APP). Furthermore, an integrated thermoelectric system was designed to combine photothermal conversion and passive radiative cooling, enabling the characteristics of being powered by solar-driven in-plane temperature differences and monitoring outdoor sunlight intensity through the APP. Additionally, we decoupled the complex signals of resistance and thermal voltage during deformation under solar irradiation based on the anisotropy of the knitted fabrics to enable the device to monitor and optimize the outdoor physical activity of the athlete via the APP. This novel thermoelectric fabric-based wearable and wireless sensing platform has promising applications in next-generation smart textiles.

关键词： Thermoelectric fabrics Wearable device Wireless Multifunctional sensing system Outdoor wearable signal monitoring